Diplomatic Integration
Russia, China, and the Eurasian states have significantly strengthened their diplomatic ties, marked by increased high-level meetings and joint statements. The CIS Council of Heads of Government has recently discussed long-term cooperation in transport and energy, signaling a commitment to integrated regional development (Interfax, 2024a). This aligns with Russia's broader "Greater Eurasia" vision, aiming to position Moscow as a central player in the emerging Eurasian order alongside China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) (Lo, 2019; Paikin et al., 2019).